Water
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Revision as of 12:27, 1 April 2015
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water containers
some people prefer not to use plastic because of plastic particles contaminating the water. military metal jerry cans are practical but expensive.
plastic containers with taps do not last a long time - the tap gets damaged while carrying and starts to drip. they are also quite time consuming to use although good for children because you dont have to lift the container to get water.
Cooking oil is sometimes sold in 10 litre plastic containers, which can be found descarded by restaurants etc, and make practical water containers.
water wells
Depending on the soil and how deep the water level is, small diameter wells can be drilled by hand using an exendable bore tool, usually up to 6m deep.
Bigger diameter wells can be dug, one technique is to use a concrete tube in sections and dig around the bottom of it allowing it to gradually move deeper as more sections are added from above.
Another technique is to dig a bigger hole of then insert concrete or plastic tube. Successful wells have been made using 50cm diameter pipe found on a building site, with holes drilled in the lowest meter and some gravel (smalls stones) added to the bottom.
water pumps
With a large diameter well, a weighted bucket and string can be used. However this is much work and if sharing with a large group of people, the likely hood of spreading disease by everybody touching the bucket and re-inserting it into the well becomes higher. This is also an issue when washing your hands by scooping water with a bucket from a rain water barrel. Running water is of course safest but not always possible, and when water is limited having running water inevitably encourages us to use more.
If buying an electric pump, consider that spending more initially could work out cheaper long term. Immersion pumps are generally cheaper and consume less power. But the cheapest ones, designed for emptying small swimming pools, will quickly break if used all the time. With very small diameter wells, tiny 12v immersion pumps can be used. Generally it is a good idea to run pumps intermittently, for example on a timer switch, and pump to a tank which is gradually topped up. Using a tank means you can use water at a greater pressure than your pump allows, (so you have plenty of water for showers in the morning after the tank is topped up overnight) and gets around the problem of the delay in switching a pump every time you need a small amount of water.
- Hand pump design on appropedia
- bison pumps commercial manufacturers of hand pumps
Hydrualic ram pumps can be used where there is flowing water (a stream or river) to use the water pressure to pump a comparitively low amount of water upwards.
pumbing
flexible plastic pipe is increasingly used instead of copper. At the time of writing the price per meter is cheaper than copper but the connections are most expensive making it work out and more or less the same price depending on the length of runs. If using copper, solder joints are cheaper than compression joints, but require a blowtorch.
Leaks in copper pipe can be temporarily fixed using bicycle innertubes. this can be cut into strips and wrapped around the pipe extremely tightly.
Hose pipe can be connected to copper or plastic pipe using jubilee clips, providing the pressure is not too high.
Another cheap way of fixing leaks in just about anything is to use bitumen. Strips of hessian (sack cloth) are soaked in bitumen and then used to patch up the leak.
drinking water filtering
- Ceramic filters
- 12v UV filters
grey water filtering
- reed beds and other plants
- Stones and sand for irrigation
